fa ارزیابی عملکرد یونجه (.Medicago sativa L) و علف پشمکی (.Bromus tomentellus Boiss) در کشت خالص و مخلوط تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <p class="a" dir="rtl" style="TEXT-INDENT: 19.85pt MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span 12pt="" b="" black="" color:="" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-ansi-font-size:="" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">به&shy;منظور ارزیابی و مقایسه عملکرد دو گونه یونجه (</span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><i><span dir="ltr" style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Medicago sativa </span></i><span dir="ltr" style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US">L.</span></font></font><span 12pt="" b="" black="" color:="" en-us="" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-ansi-font-size:="" mso-ansi-language:="" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">) </span><span 12pt="" b="" black="" color:="" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-ansi-font-size:="" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">و علف پشمکی (</span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><i><span dir="ltr" style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Bromus tomentellus </span></i><span dir="ltr" style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Boiss.</span></font></font><span 12pt="" b="" black="" color:="" en-us="" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-ansi-font-size:="" mso-ansi-language:="" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">)</span><span 12pt="" b="" black="" color:="" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-ansi-font-size:="" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">، آزمایشی در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی اداره منابع طبیعی فریدون‌شهر استان اصفهان در سال 1391 در قالب فاکتوریل و بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با پنج تکرار انجام شد. تیمارها شامل کشت گونه‌های یونجه و علف پشمکی به&shy;صورت خالص و مخلوط، تراکم در سه سطح کم (4 ردیف)، متوسط (8 ردیف) و زیاد (16 ردیف) و تاریخ کاشت پاییزه و بهاره بود. نتایج نشان داد که کشت پاییزه و بهاره علف پشمکی و کشت بهاره یونجه موفقیت&shy;آمیز است. عملکرد دو گونه در کشت مخلوط، دارای افزایش معنی‌داری نسبت به کشت خالص بود. بررسی عملکرد به&shy;ازاء ردیف، نشان داد که عملکرد یک ردیف از گونه‌ها، در تراکم 8 ردیفی بالاترین عملکرد است. همچنین تولید به&shy;ازاء ردیف در کشت مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص در هر دو گونه یونجه و علف پشمکی بیشتر است. در تیمارهای کشت مخلوط، شاخص نسبت برابری زمین (</span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr" lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black">LER</span></font></font><span 12pt="" b="" black="" color:="" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-ansi-font-size:="" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">) در تراکم‌های 8 و 16&shy;تایی بیشتر از یک به‌دست آمد که نشان‌دهنده کارایی بیشتر استفاده از زمین در کشت مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص است. با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، کشت مخلوط یونجه و علف پشمکی در بهار با تراکم 8 تایی و فاصله ردیف 30 سانتی‌متری در دیم‌زارهای کم‌بازده شهرستان فریدون‌شهر و مناطق مشابه توصیه می‌گردد.</span></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p class="a" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: kashida TEXT-ALIGN: justify TEXT-KASHIDA: 0% MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt unicode-bidi: embed DIRECTION: ltr"><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">A field experiment was conducted to compare forage production of <i>Medicago sativa</i> and <i>Bromus tomentellus</i> species using </span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">factorial experiment</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">based</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">on</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">the </span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">completely randomized design</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">with</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">5</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">replications</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt"> in the </span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">Fereydoon-Shahr research</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">station,</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">located in west part of Isfahan province </span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">in 2012.</span></font></font><span 11pt="" b="" black="" color:="" dir="rtl" font-size:="" lang="X-NONE" mso-ansi-font-size:="" style="FONT-FAMILY: "> </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">Treatments consisted of</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt"> three crop compositions (<i>M. sativa</i>, <i>B. tomentellus</i> or mixture of the two), three density levels </span><span class="hps"><span style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">including </span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">low </span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">(</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">4 </span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">rows</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">), </span><span class="hps"><span style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">m</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">edium</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">(</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">8 </span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">rows</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">) </span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">and</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">high</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">(</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">16 </span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">rows</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">)) </span><span style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">in similar size plots </span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">and </span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">two planting date seasons (spring and autumn)</span><span style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">. </span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">Results </span></span><span style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">indicated</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt"> that autumn and</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">spring </span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">planting of <i>B. tomentellus</i> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">and</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">spring </span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">planting of <i>M. sativa</i> were </span><span style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">more </span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">successful</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">. The forage production of <i>M. sativa</i> and <i>B. tomentellus</i> in </span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">intercropping</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt"> was significantly higher than in mono-cropping. The highest </span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">biomass</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">production</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt"> of both species </span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">per</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt"> row was </span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">observed</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt"> in 8 rows density</span></font></font><span 11pt="" b="" black="" color:="" dir="rtl" font-size:="" lang="X-NONE" mso-ansi-font-size:="" style="FONT-FAMILY: "> </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">and</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt"> yield of </span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">intercropping<span class="hps"> per</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt"> row </span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">was higher</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">than </span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">mono-cropping</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt"> per</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt"> row, either. In </span><span style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">the </span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">intercropping</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt"> treatments,</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">l</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">and </span><span style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">e</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">quivalent </span><span style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">r</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">atio </span><span style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">(</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">LER</span><span style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">)</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt"> values were more than 1 for 8 and 16 rows density, indicated that land-use efficiency in </span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">intercropping</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt"> was higher than in mono-cropping. </span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">According to </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="COLOR: black mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">the</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">results</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">, </span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">intercropping</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt"> of <i>M. sativa</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>and <i>B. tomentellus</i> with 8 rows density (</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">30</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">cm row</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">spacing</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">)</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt"> is recommended in</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">Fereydoon-Shahr</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">poor</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">dryland</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">fields</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">and</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">&nbsp;</span><span class="hps"><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">similar areas</span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="COLOR: black mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">. </span></font></font></p> <p></p> <p></p> یونجه, علف پشمکی,کشت خالص, کشت مخلوط. Medicago sativa, Bromus tomentellus, Mono-cropping, Intercropping. 318 327 http://rangelandsrm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-4&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 سوسن براتی s_barati@na.iut.ac.ir 10031947532846002721 10031947532846002721 Yes Isfahan University of Technology دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان Mehdi Bassiri مهدی بصیری 10031947532846002722 10031947532846002722 No Isfahan University of Technology دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان Mohammadreza Vahabi محمدرضا وهابی 10031947532846002723 10031947532846002723 No Isfahan University of Technology دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان Mohammadreza Mosadeghi محمدرضا مصدقی 10031947532846002724 10031947532846002724 No Isfahan University of Technology دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان Mostafa Tarkesh مصطفی ترکش 10031947532846002725 10031947532846002725 No Isfahan University of Technology دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان